English-Russian Dictionary on Probability, Statistics, and Combinatorics. — Philadelphia and Moscow. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics and TVP Science Publishers. K. A. Borovkov. 1994.
Markov chain — A simple two state Markov chain. A Markov chain, named for Andrey Markov, is a mathematical system that undergoes transitions from one state to another, between a finite or countable number of possible states. It is a random process characterized … Wikipedia
Markov chain mixing time — In probability theory, the mixing time of a Markov chain is the time until the Markov chain is close to its steady state distribution. More precisely, a fundamental result about Markov chains is that a finite state irreducible aperiodic chain has … Wikipedia
Irreducible (mathematics) — In mathematics, the term irreducible is used in several ways. * In abstract algebra, irreducible can be an abbreviation for irreducible element; for example an irreducible polynomial. * In representation theory, an irreducible representation is a … Wikipedia
Bulgarian solitaire — In mathematics and game theory, Bulgarian solitaire is a random card game.In the game, a pack of N cards are divided into several piles. Then for each pile, either leave it intact or, with a fixed probability p, remove one card; collect the… … Wikipedia
Perron–Frobenius theorem — In linear algebra, the Perron–Frobenius theorem, proved by Oskar Perron (1907) and Georg Frobenius (1912), asserts that a real square matrix with positive entries has a unique largest real eigenvalue and that the corresponding… … Wikipedia
Coupling from the past — Among Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms, coupling from the past is a method for sampling from the stationary distribution of a Markov chain. Contrary to many MCMC algorithms, coupling from the past gives in principle a perfect sample… … Wikipedia
Entropy rate — The entropy rate of a stochastic process is, informally, the time density of the average information in a stochastic process. For stochastic processes with a countable index, the entropy rate H(X) is the limit of the joint entropy of n members of … Wikipedia
Ergodicity — For other uses, see Ergodic (disambiguation). In mathematics, the term ergodic is used to describe a dynamical system which, broadly speaking, has the same behavior averaged over time as averaged over space. In physics the term is used to imply… … Wikipedia
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors — For more specific information regarding the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices, see Eigendecomposition of a matrix. In this shear mapping the red arrow changes direction but the blue arrow does not. Therefore the blue arrow is an… … Wikipedia
List of mathematics articles (P) — NOTOC P P = NP problem P adic analysis P adic number P adic order P compact group P group P² irreducible P Laplacian P matrix P rep P value P vector P y method Pacific Journal of Mathematics Package merge algorithm Packed storage matrix Packing… … Wikipedia
List of mathematics articles (S) — NOTOC S S duality S matrix S plane S transform S unit S.O.S. Mathematics SA subgroup Saccheri quadrilateral Sacks spiral Sacred geometry Saddle node bifurcation Saddle point Saddle surface Sadleirian Professor of Pure Mathematics Safe prime Safe… … Wikipedia
